Amazing Facts about India and Indians!

India's position in this world

India is the world's largest, oldest, continuous civilization. India never invaded any country in her last 10,000 years of history.

India is the world's largest democracy. Varanasi, also known as Benares, was called "the ancient city" when Lord Buddha visited it in 500 B.C.E, and is the oldest, continuously inhabited city in the world today. India invented the Number System. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta. The World's first university was established in Takshashila in 700BC. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects. The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century BC was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education. Sanskrit is the mother of all the European languages. Sanskrit is the most suitable language for computer software - a report in Forbes magazine, July 1987. Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans. Charaka, the father of medicine consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago. Today Ayurveda is fast regaining its rightful place in our civilization. Although modern images of India often show poverty and lack of development, India was the richest country on earth until the time of British invasion in the early 17th Century. Christopher Columbus was attracted by India's wealth. The art of Navigation was born in the river Sindhu 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit word NAVGATIH. The word navy is also derived from Sanskrit 'Nou'. Bhaskaracharya calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. Time taken by earth to orbit the sun: (5th century) 365.258756484 days. The value of pi was first calculated by Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century long before the European mathematicians. Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from India. Quadratic equations were by Sridharacharya in the 11th century. The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 10**53(10 to the power of 53) with specific names as early as 5000 BCE during the Vedic period. Even today, the largest used number is Tera 10**12(10 to the power of 12). IEEE has proved what has been a century old suspicion in the world scientific community that the pioneer of wireless communication wasProf. Jagdish Bose and not Marconi. The earliest reservoir and dam for irrigation was built in Saurashtra. According to Saka King Rudradaman I of 150 CE a beautiful lake called Sudarshana was constructed on the hills of Raivataka during Chandragupta Maurya's time. Chess (Shataranja or AshtaPada) was invented in India. Sushruta is the father of surgery. 2600 years ago he and health scientists of his time conducted complicated surgeries like cesareans, cataract, artificial limbs, fractures, urinary stones and even plastic surgery and brain surgery. Usage of anesthesia was well known in ancient India. Over 125 surgical equipment were used. Deep knowledge of anatomy, physiology, etiology, embryology, digestion, metabolism, genetics and immunity is also found in many texts. When many cultures were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilization). The four religions born in India, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, are followed by 25% of the world's population. The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100 BC. India is one of the few countries in the World, which gained independence without violence. India has the second largest pool of Scientists and Engineers in the World. India is the largest English speaking nation in the world. India is the only country other than US and Japan, to have built a super computer indigenously.

Google celebrates Mangalyaan's 1 month in Mars orbit with a doodle

Google on Thursday night put out a special doodle on its home page for India, marking Mangalyaan's one month in Mars orbit. The doodle which is static, unlike a few dynamic ones that Google puts out on some occasions, shows the Mangalyaan in outer space with a portion of the red planet in the background.

It is an illustrated image, fashioned in the style of space-related images that often used to adorn school notebooks in the late 80s and 90s.

Mangalyaan, which was blasted off into space on November 5 last year, entered the Mars orbit on September 24. It has been one of the biggest scientific achievements for India, putting ISRO, India's space agency, in the select group of four space agencies that have successfully sent a probe to Mars orbit.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi hailed the Mars mission as a major achievement. "History has been created today. We have achieved the near impossible. I congratulate all ISRO scientists and all my fellow Indians on this historic achievement," he said on the day Mangalyaan entered the Mars orbit. "The odds were stacked against us. Of the 51 missions attempted across the world so far, a mere 21 had succeeded. But we have prevailed."

After getting up-close with Mars, Mangalyaan had sent several pictures of the planet. One of the images, which showed the red planet in its entirety, was widely shared and used across the world. In fact, taking an inspiration from NASA in the US, runs a Twitter account -- @MarsOrbiter - through which it shares the mission related news with the world.

The last tweet from the account was made a few days ago. "Phew! Experience of a lifetime. Watched the #MarsComet #SidingSpring whizzing past the planet. I'm in my orbit, safe and sound," it said.

The account has over 1,68,000 followers.

Green Ovations: Smart Cities Address an Urgent Need

As urbanization grows, sustainable practices become crucial

One intriguing aspect of human nature is the knowledge that we can shape our own future. Yet failure to do so leaves us at the mercy of external forces and unintended consequences.

This is a critical issue today as populations grow and become more urban, while climate change, energy challenges and myriad regional trends threaten to overtake us. We have an opportunity – in fact, an urgent need – to discover and implement sustainable living practices in our cities.

As people around the world move from rural and sub-urban areas into urban centers, it’s clear that, collectively, we’ll need to apply ambitious levels of fresh thinking, long-range planning, and focused investment to maintain and even improve the quality of city life.

This will require people, government, the private sector and technology to optimize and coordinate myriad functions, from government to commerce, from mobility to security, from infrastructure to the arts. We’ll need to address how urban dwellers access education and healthcare, how (or if) they commute, whether they feel secure and, ultimately, whether they live fulfilling lives.

Accomplishing all of this will depend, to a degree, on Smart Grids and successfully leveraging the vast and complex network of devices and systems known as the Internet of Things. But these are just two components of a Smart Cities vision. This is not a utopian vision, but a matter of great urgency as the world’s population grows and becomes more urbanized.

The good news is that, today, we already have much of the technology needed to accomplish such a quest. The greater challenge, in my view, is making the needed cultural shift to succeed. Seizing the day is imperative.

Thus in this brief article, I would like to describe the IEEE Smart Cities initiative, which is our means to seize the day, and how it can address this global challenge.

Drivers

As the world’s population grows – the current seven billion is 

forecast

 to double by 2050 – we’ll have to do more with less. Providing clean water, nutritious food and meaningful work for all is a perennial human challenge; population growth, resource scarcity and urbanization compound the challenge.

Today, half the world’s population – about 3.6 billion people – lives in a city. The number of city dwellers is forecast to increase to 6.3 billion by 2050. Half of all people in Asia will live in a city by 2020; half of Africa’s population will live in cities by 2035. The economic, environmental and cultural sources of competition and conflict that inhabit every day’s headlines will only grow in the future.

Today’s cities: big/small, old/new

The diversity of peoples, cities, infrastructure (or lack of it), resources, and priorities makes the effort to create Smart Cities a complex but promising challenge. The world’s largest cities, populated by millions, face specific hurdles due to population, the scale of infrastructure and the inertia of entrenched practices. But more than half of all urban centers contain less than 500,000 people. Smaller cities may have fewer resources but they may be more nimble in affecting change. Scale at both ends of the spectrum present contrasting opportunities and challenges.

Cities in the developed world will have to transform themselves through a hybrid of old and new. Think of modern Rome, where basements lie atop antiquities, first floors originated in the Renaissance period and upper floors were built in the 19th century. Incorporating intelligence in such circumstances will spur innovation. In contrast, new cities in the developing world may swiftly adopt the latest technologies and leap-frog ahead in competitiveness, shifting the balance of global economic power. Consider the potential for cities in India and Africa to rival or surpass the productivity of cities in the United States and Western Europe.

Defining the Smart City

Guadalajara, Mexico, with 4.2 million people in the metropolitan area, is Mexico’s second largest city, and the first city selected to participate in the IEEE Smart Cities initiative, based on the following criteria:

• Guadalajara has a concrete plan and funds to become a Smart City (Ciudad Creativa Digital project)
• It has a local constituency that welcomes IEEE’s involvement
• Local authorities are willing to lead and share their experiences and lessons learned
• The city has a local IEEE chapter and section to provide support and accountability
• Local universities and industry are committed to supporting the initiative

Guadalajara will leverage existing strengths such as a high-tech sector that’s particularly focused on digital media and has launched the Ciudad Creative Digital (CCD) initiative, which could have Smart City-related implications. Besides high-tech commerce, Guadalajara is focused on improving many prosaic city services, including government operations, transportation, security and telecommunications, even parking and waste management.

I cite Guadalajara, but two new cities – Wuxi, China and Trento, Italy – were selected last July in IEEE Smart Cities initiative. Every city will approach ‘smarticizing’ differently, based on local resources, strengths and priorities, but they must apply for participation and they must meet our basic criteria to join IEEE’s effort.

Why these specific criteria? Because nurturing well-qualified efforts to create smart cities can plant the seeds of change on a global basis. Nothing persuades others to follow as well as success.

By selecting a diverse group of cities around the world we hope to develop a flexible tool kit of best practices. And IEEE will provide a platform for sharing these practices through its Open Data Framework to encourage other cities to follow suit. This effort will include the creation of online tools and courses for engineers, city planners and others who will put these concepts and technologies into practice.

The creation of metrics for performance in every sector of a smart city will be critical to demonstrating measurable value and quantifiable benefits in order to justify investments to ‘smartify’ a city.

Mobility ≠ transportation

Doing more with less in various urban endeavors requires new thinking. Consider transportation. One can optimize an existing system, but urban transportation, for instance, faces physical limits. A city can’t build itself out of congestion. Instead of moving people more efficiently, we’re thinking in terms of allowing them to access value by moving from ‘transport’ to ‘mobility.’

The result could transform ‘mobility’ into ‘de-mobility.’ In relevant cases, intra-urban teleconferencing could replace commuting. Or cars in the city – to the degree they’re necessary at all – could be communally owned and available based on timely need. Such fresh thinking could change a city’s approach to future infrastructure investments.

Smart cities, smart grids, the Internet of Things

In creating Smart Cities, the optimization and coordination of energy-driven functions, as well as the notion of networking devices and systems relies on aspects of Smart Grid and/or the Internet of Things.

Smart Grid and a Smart City, however, are not synonymous. Smart Grid is just one of many elements, though a fundamental one, that will create a more de-centralized, inter-connected energy platform for a sustainable city. Both ideas embrace the need for and the value of efficiencies. But, more importantly, both require coordination among myriad devices and systems and present challenges in data management.

Smart Cities and the IoT both rely on countless sensors, central and distributed processing for optimization and coordination, and actuators to match the needs of urban dwellers with their urban environment. Smart City, in a sense, is a microcosm of the more widespread, potentially ubiquitous IoT. These terms likely will become meaningless to people who rely on them. When you take a holistic view of connecting such complex systems, everything is related. And the technology itself should become invisible.

Technology

It’s important to understand that, based on developments in Smart Grid, the IoT and other areas, Smart Cities are possible based on today’s known, commercialized technology. Of course, challenges remain.

One challenge is also an opportunity: while the requisite technologies for Smart Cities exist, they need a focal point for coordinating and deploying them. Smart Cities can provide that focus. Still, complex systems – and systems of systems – need designing. We have yet to establish best practices in this endeavor. The next frontier will include designing value-added services that people need, based on the operations and resulting data of a Smart City. Apps will proliferate in this environment.

Many standards sensors, communication networks and control systems are already in place, but gaps are being identified and addressed. For instance, IEEE P2413 Draft Standard for an Architectural Framework for the Internet of Things is under development to define an architectural framework that will support cross-domain interaction, system interoperability and functional compatibility among devices and systems.

This will fuel the growth of IoT-related value – a direct boost to Smart Cities. Standards, of course, lead to the economies of scale that aid adoption and provide a platform for the entrepreneurial creation of new, valuable services.

Cultural shifts needed

Amid the technology talk, however, it’s critical to remember that Smart Cities are a human-centric endeavor. People will benefit from data-driven, optimized systems and the layer of services that ride atop them. In fact, people will provide data to an optimal Smart City through social media and other means. In exchange, they’ll receive quality-of-life benefits. In short, Smart Cities imply Smart Citizens.

The cultural shift to widespread adoption of Smart Cities will take time, perhaps a generation or two. Awareness of IEEE’s Smart Cities initiative may lead people to demand that their leaders pursue such an initiative, which can be incentivized by public policy. When people see, by example, the value in running an efficient, sustainable city with improved quality of life and the economic growth that goes with it, they’ll seek the same goal.

Conclusion

We believe that cities around the world will need to attract talented, productive people to create a vibrant economy and high quality of life that will further drive the trend toward Smart Cities. This is a daunting challenge. The hurdles cannot be underestimated. Yet it also promises a flowering of intelligent urban living that can become a model for the 21st century.

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Keil

Keil was founded in 1982 by Günter and Reinhard Keil, initially as a German GbR. In April 1985 the company was converted to Keil Elektronik GmbH to market add-on products for the development tools provided by many of the silicon vendors. Keil implemented the first C compiler designed from the ground-up specifically for the 8051 microcontroller.

Keil provides a broad range of development tools like ANSI C compiler, macro assemblers, debuggers and simulators, linkers, IDE, library managers, real-time operating systems and evaluation boards for Intel 8051, Intel MCS-251, ARM, and XC16x/C16x/ST10 families.

Download KEIL Compiler.pdf

Download KEIL uv2_v2 guide.pdf

Download KEIL c51v901.exe

You can watch the installation guide from this video

How to install the KEIL c51v901

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पहली बार धराया डेढ़ दर्जन वारदातों का आरोपी

अररिया : डकैती, लूट एवं हत्या की डेढ़ दर्जन से अधिक जघन्य वारदातों को अंजाम देने वाले कुख्यात अपराधी जोगबनी निवासी मु. सुभान को पुलिस ने जीरोमाईल से गिरफ्तार कर लिया है। इसके पास से एक पिस्टल, दो कारतूस, एक मैगजीन, दो मोबाइल फोन, तीन सिम कार्ड एवं जाली पहचान पत्र भी बरामद किए गए हैं। पहली बार पुलिस गिरफ्त में आए इस अपराधी ने सिर्फ फारबिसगंज में डेढ़ दर्जन से अधिक वारदातों में अपनी संलिप्तता स्वीकारी है। दो माह पूर्व बथनाहा पेट्रोल पंप पर कर्मचारी को गोली मारकर लूट की घटना में भी इसने अपनी मुख्य भूमिका स्वीकारी है।

एसपी विजय कुमार वर्मा ने बताया कि फारबिसगंज अनुमंडल में घटीं अधिकांश हालिया घटनाओं में इसी का हाथ है। घटनाओं को अंजाम देने के बाद यह नेपाल भाग जाता था।

मोबाइल फोन की ट्रैकिंग से हुई गिरफ्तारी

बथनाहा पेट्रोल पंप लूटकांड में अपराधियों ने एक लाख दस हजार रुपये के साथ दो मोबाइल फोन भी लूटे थे। कुछ दिनों के बाद सुभान ने लूटा गया मोबाइल फोन जोगबनी में रहने वाली अपनी सास मशीदा खातून को दे दिया। उसकी सास ने जब मोबाइल फोन का प्रयोग शुरू किया तो पुलिस को सिग्नल मिलना शुरू हो गया। पुलिस ने सास एवं दामाद के बीच हो रही बातचीत को ट्रैप करना शुरू कर दिया। इसी क्रम में पुलिस को जानकारी मिली कि सुभान किसी घटना को अंजाम देने के लिए ट्रेन से अररिया आ रहा है। पुलिस ने बिना समय गंवाए उसे पकड़ने के लिए जाल बिछाया। जैसे ही वह जीरोमाईल पहुंचा, पुलिस ने उसे दबोच लिया। गिरफ्तारी में पूर्व एसएचओ मुकेश कुमार साहा, सुनील कुमार सिंह, अरविंद कुमार व पंकज कुमार ने मुख्य भूमिका निभाई।

किडनी बेचने वाले गिरोह के दो सदस्य गिरफ्तार

जोगबनी (अररिया)  : नेपाल के मोरंग जिले में किडनी बेचने वाले गिरोह के दो सदस्यों को मोरंग पुलिस (नेपाल) ने गिरफ्तार किया है। इस आशय की जानकारी मोरंग की डीएसपी उमा प्रसाद चतुर्वेदी ने देते हुए कहा कि सीमा क्षेत्र में किडनी बेचने वाले गिरोह सक्रिय है। गिरोह के पकड़े गए सदस्यों में एक महिला व एक पुरुष शामिल हैं।

डीएसपी श्री चतुर्वेदी के अनुसार सुपौल जिले के डोरा गांव निवासी दीपक और सरिता इस गिरोह के सदस्य हैं। इनके द्वारा नेपाल से बच्चों को भारत ले जाते हैं और फिर उसे एक डाक्टर के हाथों बेच डालते हैं। गिरफ्तार महिला व पुरुष ने 20 वर्ष पूर्व नेपाली नागरिकता प्राप्त कर ली है। गिरोह के दोनों सदस्य दुहबी स्थित सोनू स्वीट्स में काम करते हैं। गिरफ्तार सदस्यों ने पुलिस को बताया कि एक दिन अपने गांव सुपौल जाने के क्रम में इनकी मुलाकात ललितग्राम स्टेशन पर विनोद यादव नामक व्यक्ति से हुई। इसके बाद से ये दोनों इस अवैध किडनी व्यापार में संलिप्त है। गत दिनों एक लड़की को ले जाते दीपक को टंकी सुनवारी बस स्टैंड से गिरफ्तार किया गया। डीएसपी ने बताया कि पूछताछ में गिरफ्तार दोनों आरोपी ने बताया कि इस कारोबार में एक बच्चे की कीमत 50-60 हजार मिलता है। श्री चतुर्वेदी ने बताया कि सीमा क्षेत्र में बढ़ते इस अपराध को लेकर वे सुपौल व अररिया एसपी से संपर्क कर अनुसंधान को आगे बढ़ाया जायेगा। फिलहाल मोरंग पुलिस गिरफ्तार दोनों व्यक्ति गहन पूछताछ में जुटी है।